Form:
The verb be has the following forms:
Uses:
The verb be is used in the following patterns:
1. With a noun:
My mother is a teacher.
Bill Clinton was the president of the US.
Bill Clinton was the president of the US.
2. With an adjective:
This soup is very tasty.
The children were good.
The children were good.
2.1 With the -ing form to make the continuous aspect
We were walking down the street.
Everything was wet. It had been raining for hours.
Everything was wet. It had been raining for hours.
2.2 With the -ed form to make the passive voice
The house was built in 1890.
The street is called Montagu Street.
This car was made in Japan.
The street is called Montagu Street.
This car was made in Japan.
3. With a prepositional phrase:
John and his wife are from Manchester.
The flowers are on the table.
The flowers are on the table.
The verb "to be" as an auxiliary verb (helping verb):
Auxiliary verbs are verbs that are used together with the main verb of the sentence to express the action or state.
Main verb + auxiliary verb = complete ideaThe verb "to be" can be used as an auxiliary verb to express ongoing(continuing) actions.
For example:
Anna is eating a sandwich.
"Eating" = the main verb.
"Is" = an auxiliary (helping) verb.
"is eating" (a complete idea) = the eating is IN PROGRESS.
More examples:
Kayla is walking home with her friends.
Justin and Ethan are watching a movie.
I am trying to get some sleep.
Main verb + auxiliary verb = complete ideaThe verb "to be" can be used as an auxiliary verb to express ongoing(continuing) actions.
For example:
Anna is eating a sandwich.
"Eating" = the main verb.
"Is" = an auxiliary (helping) verb.
"is eating" (a complete idea) = the eating is IN PROGRESS.
More examples:
Kayla is walking home with her friends.
Justin and Ethan are watching a movie.
I am trying to get some sleep.
The verb "to be" in passive sentences
The verb "to be" is used together with the third form of the verb (V3) in passive sentences.
For example:
ACTIVE: I eat an apple.
PASSIVE: The apple is eaten.
"Eaten" = the main verb (in the third form – V3).
"Is" = an auxiliary (helping) verb.
"is eaten" (a complete idea) = the subject of the sentence (the apple) is affected by the action.
More examples:
People buy cars. --> Cars are bought.
Someone turned on the light. --> The light was turned on.
He will clean the house. --> The house will be cleaned.
For example:
ACTIVE: I eat an apple.
PASSIVE: The apple is eaten.
"Eaten" = the main verb (in the third form – V3).
"Is" = an auxiliary (helping) verb.
"is eaten" (a complete idea) = the subject of the sentence (the apple) is affected by the action.
More examples:
People buy cars. --> Cars are bought.
Someone turned on the light. --> The light was turned on.
He will clean the house. --> The house will be cleaned.
Progressive Forms of the verb "to be"
The progressive form of the verb "to be" is "being."
This means the action is ongoing (continuing).
Examples:
The little boy is being naughty.
She was being rude, but then she apologized.
They are being tricked.
This means the action is ongoing (continuing).
Examples:
The little boy is being naughty.
She was being rude, but then she apologized.
They are being tricked.
Perfect Forms of the verb "to be"
The perfect form of the verb "to be" is "been."
This means the action is complete (finished).
Examples:
The little boy has been naughty.
She has been rude, but now she apologizes.
They have been tricked.
This means the action is complete (finished).
Examples:
The little boy has been naughty.
She has been rude, but now she apologizes.
They have been tricked.
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